Переход к «зеленой энергетике» в развивающихся странах и возможности для российского экспорта: опыт Вьетнама

Сон Тхань Нгуен   

После нескольких лет быстрого экономического роста, начавшихся после восстановления экономики, в настоящее время Вьетнам сталкивается с многочисленными рисками и-за изменения климата. В целях смягчения последствий изменения климата, наряду со стимулированием экономического роста Вьетнам объявил о своем переходе к низкоуглеродной «зеленой экономике». Переход к «зеленой энергетике» во Вьетнаме в начале ознаменовался рядом успехов, особенно в период после 2018 г., превратив страну в одного из ведущих мировых инвесторов в возобновляемые источники энергии в течение короткого времени. Однако переход Вьетнама сталкивается с двумя основными проблемами: 1) нехватка важнейших полезных ископаемых; 2) опора на иностранные технологии. Это открывает перед Россией новые возможности для расширения экспортного рынка важнейших полезных ископаемых и расширения технологического сотрудничества с Вьетнамом. Аналогичным образом, Россия может поддержать переход на «зеленые технологии» в развивающихся странах посредством: 1) своих обширных производственных мощностей и запасов меди, кобальта, никеля и редкоземельных минералов; 2) технологии добычи полезных ископаемых и ядерной технологии. Используя Вьетнам в качестве тематического исследования, в данной работе утверждается, что Россия может воспользоваться преимуществами «зеленого перехода» в развивающихся странах для диверсификации своей экономики, снижения своей зависимости от ископаемого топлива и развития собственных «зеленых технологий».

Статья опубликована в журнале «Проблемы прогнозирования», №6 2025

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